Cardiac abnormalities (cardiac anomalies)

Congenital (Congenital), Cardiac abnormalities

Belongs to the most common congenital abnormalities in the newborn heart. Yenideğan 5 to 8 of every 1000 babies are cardiac abnormalities. There are many varieties of congenital cardiac anomalies. Most of these do not require any immediate treatment. Example, the openings in the wall between the two ventricles (ventricular septal defect) in later times smaller ones largely closed. In part, the anomaly (such as aortic stenosis portion) is not able to determine before birth.

During pregnancy, there are two important factors when evaluating the ultrasonographic examinations of the heart. The second important image in the heart of the great arteries (aorta and pulmonary artery) that should be followed in the correct position. These two images are normal heart has been ruled out almost all important issues, gives you accurate information about 90%. Exit routes in the heart four-chamber view and the best time for viewing is between weeks 18-22 of pregnancy.

Cases, further examination of the fetal heart, fetal echocardiography should be used.
Mother in the presence of congenital heart disease, diabetic mother, giving birth to the baby earlier history of congenital heart anomalies, fetal heart beat detection of arrhythmia risk situations, such as fetal echocardiography should be performed.

Between 11-14 weeks of pregnancy, the measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) creates doubt about the increased monitoring of congenital heart disease. At least 25% of fetuses with congenital heart disease has been reported that the measurement of NT. Fetuses with increased NT, followed Therefore, fetal echocardiography is recommended.

Risk factors for congenital heart anomalies:
The following risk factors increase the risk of congenital heart defect in the fetus pregnancies.
- Mother or father to have congenital heart defect
- Have previously had a baby with a heart anomaly
- Cardiac medications or substances with respect teratogen exposure (Lithium, folate antagonists, organic solvents, thalidomide, isotretinoin, anticonvulsants ..)
- Maternal diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is
- Maternal phenylketonuria olmasıu
- Maternal use of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor drugs (can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus)
- Rubella during pregnancy (rubella) to be spent
- Ultrasonic detection of fetal abnormalities in an organ other than heart
- Fetal chromosomal abnormalities
- Non-immune hydrops
- Fetal arrhythmia (heart rhythm disturbance in the fetus)
- Abnormal fetal situs
- NT (fetal nuchal translucency) is more than
- Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)


Common in cardiac anomalies:

Tetralogy of Fallot: Various 4 together with the anomaly condition. After birth, the weight of evidence based medicine or surgical treatment. Is not the reason for the termination of pregnancy.

Transposition of Great Arteries: a severe anomaly. There are two types. Full form the main arteries (aorta), right ventricle, the main blood vessels leading to the lungs occurs in the left ventricle. The second form in the atria and the ventricles transpozisyona participate. Although it is a high-risk operation, surgical correction has a chance of life.

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: ventricle, the left ventricle is too small, and this situation has not improved or not the two-valve stenosis. In general, heart failure is associated with the mother's womb. Very heavy and is a disease with poor prognosis. Termination of pregnancy is recommended.

The vast majority of small VSD s switches itself off over time. Or surgical treatment to be applied to future periods is entirely possible to live a normal life.